About 98% of Americans use a toothbrush to clean their teeth. However, tooth brushing is not enough. With a good design and careful technique, a toothbrush can clean into the embrasure which is the open and easily accessible area between teeth, but toothbrush bristles cannot properly penetrate under the contact and thoroughly clean inter-proximal spaces. (Warren) Compliance in oral hygiene procedures to maintain a low bacterial load around the teeth is an essential element in preserving gingival health. (Lewis) In order to remove plaque effectively and prevent periodontal disease, brushing alone is not acceptable.

Most women do not know that one of the first things they should do when they find out they are pregnant is start taking prenatal vitamins and second see their dentist. Periodontal disease is very dangerous to a mother and her fetus. Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissue and bone that supports the teeth. The dental care website states, “Early and moderate periodontal disease may exhibit few, if any, symptoms. However, warning signs of advanced periodontal disease may include red, swollen, or bleeding gums; persistent bad breath; permanent teeth that are loose or separating; or changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite.” During pregnancy your hormone levels drastically increase. The rise in progesterone causes your gums to have an exaggerated response to plaque. The two stages of periodontal disease are gingivitis, and periodontitis. Gingivitis: milder and reversible form of periodontal disease that only affects the gums. Periodontal disease: is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. (1,2)